» Từ khóa: molecular biology

Chapter 1 - A brief history. This chapter introduce to a brief history of molecular biology. Molecular biology grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry. In this chapter we will review the major early developments in the history of this hybrid discipline, beginning with the earliest genetic experiments performed by Gregor Mendel in the mid-nineteenth century.

 22 p husc 27/04/2016 226 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Mendel’s Laws, Transmission genetics, Mendel’s gene transmission

Chapter 9: DNA-protein interactions in bacteria. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: The λ family of repressors, the trp repressor, general considerations on Protein–DNA interactions, DNA-binding proteins: action at a distance,...and other contents.

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Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Amino acids, DNA-protein interactions

Chapter 4 review the fundamentals of gene structure and function, we are ready to start a more detailed study of molecular biology. The main focus of chapter will be the experiments that molecular biologists have performed to elucidate the structure and function of genes.

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Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Sinh học phân tử, Molecular cloning methods, Gene cloning, Directional cloning

Chapter 6 - The mechanism of transcription in bacteria. In this chapter we will focus on the basic mechanism of transcription. We will begin with RNA polymerase, the enzyme that catalyzes transcription. We will also look at the interaction between RNA polymerase and DNA.

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Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Mechanism of transcription, RNA polymerase structure

Chapter 5 - Molecular tools for studying genes and gene activity. This chapter describe the most popular techniques that molecular biologists use to investigate the structure and function of genes. Most of these start with cloned genes. Many use gel electrophoresis. Many also use labeled tracers, and many rely on nucleic acid hybridization. We have already examined gene cloning techniques.

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Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Sinh học phân tử, Molecular tools, Studying genes, Gene activity

In chapter 7 we will explore one strategy bacteria employ to control the expression of their genes: by grouping functionally related genes together so they can be regulated together easily. Such a group of contiguous, coordinately controlled genes is called an operon.

 49 p husc 27/04/2016 206 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Lac operon, Bacterial transcription

Chapter 8 - Major shifts in bacterial transcription. In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Sigma factor switching, the RNA polymerase encoded in phage T7, infection of E. coli by phage λ,...and another contents.

 40 p husc 27/04/2016 217 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Bacterial transcription, Sigma factor switching

Chapter 13 - Chromatin structure and its effects on transcription. In this chapter, we will look at the crucial relationship among activators, chromatin structure, and gene activity. This chapter presents the following content: Histones, nucleosomes, chromatin structure and gene activity.

 40 p husc 27/04/2016 206 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Chromatin structure, Nucleosome structure

Chapter 11 - general transcription factors in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, unlike their bacterial counterparts, are incapable of binding by themselves to their respective promoters. Instead, they rely on proteins called transcription factors to show them the way. Such factors are grouped into two classes: general transcription factors and gene-specifi c transcription factors (activators). In this chapter we will survey the general...

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Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Amino acids, Eukaryotic RNA polymerases

In chapter 6 we learned that bacteria have only one RNA polymerase, which makes all three of the familiar RNA types: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. In this chapter we will see that three distinct RNA polymerases occur in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Each of these is responsible for transcribing a separate set of genes, and each recognizes a different kind of promoter.

 31 p husc 27/04/2016 221 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, RNA polymerases

In chapter 14, we will see that most eukaryotic genes, in contrast to typical bacterial genes, are interrupted by noncoding DNA. RNA polymerase cannot distinguish the coding region of the gene from the noncoding regions, so it transcribes everything.

 47 p husc 27/04/2016 210 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Messenger RNA processing I, Genes in pieces

Chapter 15 - RNA Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation. Besides splicing, eukaryotic cells perform several other kinds of processing on their RNAs. Messenger RNAs are subject to two kinds of processing, known as capping and polyadenylation. In capping, a special blocking nucleotide (a cap) is added to the 59-end of a pre-mRNA. In polyadenylation, a string of AMPs (poly[A]) is added to the 39-end of the pre-mRNA. These steps are essential...

 31 p husc 27/04/2016 235 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, RNA Processing II, Cap structure