Chapter 11 - Indexing and hashing. This chapter covers indexing techniques ranging from the most basic one to highly specialized ones. Due to the extensive use of indices in database systems, this chapter constitutes an important part of a database course. A class that has already had a course on data-structures would likely be familiar with hashing and perhaps even B + -trees. However, this chapter is necessary reading even for those students...

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Chapter 10 - Storage and file structure. In this chapter, we probe below the higher levels as we describe various methods for implementing the data models and languages presented in preceding chapters. We start with characteristics of the underlying storage media, such as disk and tape systems. We then define various data structures that allow fast access to data.

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Chapter 9 - Application design and development. Chapter 9 covers application design and development. This chapter emphasizes the construction of database applications with Web-based interfaces. In addition, the chapter covers application security.

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Chapter 13 describes how queries are optimized. This chapter presents the following content: Transformation of relational expressions, catalog information for cost estimation, statistical information for cost estimation, cost-based optimization, dynamic programming for choosing evaluation plans, materialized views.

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Chapter 25 - Advanced data types and new applications. This chapter covers advanced data types and new applications, including temporal datababases, spatial and geographic databases, multimedia databases, and mobility and personal databases. This chapter is suited as a means to lay the groundwork for an advanced course. Some of the material, such as temporal and spatial data types, may be suitable for self-study in a first course.

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Chapter 14 - Transactions. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of a transaction-processing system: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It provides an overview of the methods used to ensure these properties, including locking and snapshot isolation.

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This chapter describes the process by which queries are executed efficiently by a database system. Query processing refers to the range of activities involved in extracting data from a database. The activities include translation of queries in high-level database languages into expressions that can be used at the physical level of the file system, a variety of query-optimizing transformations, and actual evaluation of queries.

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Chapter 16 - Recovery system. This chapter covers the primary techniques for ensuring correct transaction execution despite system crashes and storage failures. These techniques include logs, checkpoints, and database dumps. The widely-used ARIES algorithm is presented.

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Chapter 15 - Concurrency control. This chapter focuses on concurrency control and presents several techniques for ensuring serializability, including locking, timestamping, and optimistic (validation) techniques. The chapter also covers deadlock issues. Alternatives to serializability are covered, most notably the widely-used snapshot isolation, which is discussed in detail.

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Chapter 23 covers the XML standard for data representation, which is seeing increasing use in the exchange and storage of complex data. The chapter also describes query languages for XML.

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Chapter 17 - Database system architectures. Chapter 17 covers computer-system architecture, and describes the influence of the underlying computer system on the database system. We discuss centralized systems, client–server systems, and parallel and distributed architectures in this chapter.

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Chapter 24 - Advanced application development. This chapter covers advanced issues in application development, including performance tuning, performance benchmarks, database-application testing, and standardization.

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